Movilidad social juvenil en Colombia: análisis de educación y mercado laboral

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15648/Collectivus.vol12num1.2025.4389

Palabras clave:

Movilidad social, mercado laboral, educación, ingresos, jóvenes

Resumen

Este estudio examina la evolución de la movilidad social juvenil en Colombia y cómo la educación y el mercado laboral han influido en la movilidad intergeneracional, enfocándose en identificar tendencias y factores que afectan la trayectoria ascendente o descendente de los jóvenes en términos de educación e ingresos. Utilizando datos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH) del tercer trimestre de 2023, se analizaron jóvenes entre 15 y 28 años. Para evaluar la movilidad, se emplearon modelos de referencia diagonal (DRM), que permiten analizar los efectos combinados de la educación de los padres y la propia sobre los ingresos laborales, la elección de oficio y la informalidad laboral. Los resultados revelan que, aunque un 50,26% de los jóvenes ha mejorado su nivel educativo en comparación con sus padres, solo un 21,3% ha experimentado una movilidad ascendente en términos de ingresos. Además, la educación de los padres tiene una influencia significativa en la elección de oficio de los jóvenes, con un 35,6% de esta relación explicada por la educación parental. El capital social también juega un papel crucial en la movilidad social, facilitando o limitando las oportunidades laborales y educativas. Estos hallazgos indican que las mejoras educativas no siempre se traducen directamente en mejoras económicas, sugiriendo la necesidad de políticas integrales que aborden tanto las disparidades educativas como las barreras estructurales en el mercado laboral. Este estudio ofrece una perspectiva heterodoxa sobre la movilidad social juvenil en Colombia, destacando la compleja interacción entre educación, mercado laboral y origen socioeconómico. Luego, la originalidad de esta investigación es el empleo de modelos de referencia diagonal al contexto colombiano, permitiendo avanzar en la comprensión de las dinámicas intergeneracionales de la movilidad social, un enfoque poco explorado en la literatura existente.

Biografía del autor/a

Victor Jaramillo Mejía, Universidad Libre de Colombia seccional Pereira

Magister en Desarrollo Territorial, Docente Investigador Jornada Completa, adscrito al Grupo de Investigación Tendencia Económica Mundial (TEM), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Administrativas y Contables, Universidad Libre de Colombia seccional Pereira. Campus Belmonte: Avenida Las Américas Carrera 28 # 96-102, Pereira. victord.jaramillom@unilibre.edu.co

Jesús Rodríguez Paz, Universidad de Nariño

PhD en Economía del Desarrollo, Docente programa de Economía, adscrito al Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo Regional (IDER), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Universidad de Nariño. Clle 18 Cr 50 Ciudadela Universitaria Torobajo, Pasto. jar092@udenar.edu.co   

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Jaramillo Mejía, V., & Rodríguez Paz, J. (2025). Movilidad social juvenil en Colombia: análisis de educación y mercado laboral. Collectivus, Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.15648/Collectivus.vol12num1.2025.4389

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2025-01-01

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